Have you ever had back discomfort that spread down your leg? A herniated disc is the displacement of the soft center of the disc through the outer annulus into the spinal canal where it can cause nerve entrapment.
Recognizing the Spinal Structure
To understand the concept of a herniated disk, you must first comprehend the structure of the spine.
Vertebrae are the bones in your back that are stacked one on top of the other to form the spine, which is a column.
Intervertebral disks are thin, rubbery disks that are located between each vertebra. These disks function as shock absorbers, allowing the spine to move and preserve its flexibility.
What exactly is a herniated disk?
A herniated disk happens when one of the spine's intervertebral disks ruptures or falls out of place. The nucleus pulposus, the inner gel-like material of the disk, protrudes through the annulus fibrosus, the outer ring. This can cause pain, numbness, or weakness in the affected area by putting pressure on surrounding nerves.
Herniated Disks Causes
The exact cause of disc herniation is not known. But it is known that the type of work performed (strain on the spine, especially by incorrect posture while carrying loads), genetics and body weight are factors that contribute to the development of a herniated disc.
A herniated disk can be caused by a number of circumstances, including:
- Age
As we age, the water content of the intervertebral disks decreases, making them less flexible and more prone to herniation.
- Wear & Tear
Repetitive actions or movements involving lifting, twisting, or bending might put undue strain on the disks and increase the risk of herniation. A herniated disk can be caused by a rapid, severe impact or damage to the spine.
- Genetics
Some people may be genetically predisposed to getting herniated disks.
Symptoms
Weakness of the leg occurs, which weakens due to pressure on the nerve and pain, which results in the patient having difficulty lifting the front part of the foot and toes. A condition of "foot drop" can occur, when walking is impossible, and patients usually come to the surgery in this phase with forearm crutches because their walking is unsafe.
The following are some common indications and symptoms:
- Back Ache
Localized back pain, which can be strong and sharp, is the most prevalent symptom.
- Radiant Pain
Pain may radiate along the afflicted nerve route if the herniated disk compresses a nerve. Sciatica, a disorder marked by pain that travels down the leg, can occur from this.
- Tingling and numbness
Leg or foot numbness, tingling, or pins & needles can be caused by a compressed nerve.
- Weakness of Muscles
In severe situations, a herniated disk can induce muscle weakness, making it difficult to lift or grasp objects and creating walking instability.
Treatment Alternatives:
The degree of your symptoms and their influence on your everyday life will determine how you manage a herniated disk. The following are examples of frequent treatment options:
- Conservative Approach
Non-surgical treatments are usually the first line of defense and may include rest, physical therapy, pain medicines, and the use of hot or cold packs. If conservative therapy fails to relieve symptoms or there is substantial nerve compression, surgery may be considered.
- Corticosteroid injections
Corticosteroid injections into the area around the spinal nerves can help reduce inflammation and give pain relief in some circumstances.
Prevention
In this case, it is necessary for the patient to change his life habits, regulate his body weight, learn and practice exercises every day that led to strengthening of the muscles around the spine. While it may not be able to prevent all cases of herniated disks, you can lower your risk by doing the following:
- Lifting Techniques
Lift heavy objects with your legs rather than your back and avoid twisting actions.
- Maintain Good Posture
Use appropriate posture when sitting, standing, and lifting to reduce the risk of injury.
- Stay Active and Exercise
Regular exercise helps to strengthen and stretch the muscles that support the spine.
- Maintain a Healthy Weight
Carrying extra weight places additional strain on the spine and increases the chance of disk herniation.
- Use Ergonomics Properly
Whether at work or at home, make sure your surroundings are ergonomically pleasant. Use supportive chairs with adequate backrests, place your computer monitor at eye level, and use a headset if you talk on the phone regularly.
- Avoid Prolonged Sitting or Standing
If your employment demands you to sit or stand for extended periods of time, take regular breaks to stretch and move around. If possible, alternate between sitting and standing.
- Use Safe Exercise Techniques
When participating in physical activities or sports, utilize good form and practices to reduce the chance of spine damage.