Takayasu's arteritis is an uncommon illness affecting the arteries, which are blood vessels that transport oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Since it can induce a weak or nonexistent pulse in the arms and neck, this condition is also known as pulseless disease.
Takayasu's arteritis is an autoimmune illness, which means the body's immune system mistakenly targets its own tissues. This causes inflammation and damage to the artery walls, which can thicken and constrict them. As a result, the arteries may get clogged, denying oxygen and nutrients to the organs and tissues that rely on them for blood flow. Takayasu's arteritis has no established etiology, however it is thought to be caused by a mix of hereditary and environmental factors. This condition affects more women than males and generally appears in young people between the ages of 15 and 40.
Symptoms
Takayasu's arteritis symptoms might vary based on the severity and location of the artery damage. Fatigue, fever, weight loss, and joint discomfort are common early symptoms. As the condition advances, the following symptoms may appear:
- Pulse in the arms or neck is weak or nonexistent.
- Fainting or dizziness
- Blood pressure that is too high
- Chest ache
- Breathing difficulty
- Vision issues
- Numbness or tingling in the extremities
- Kidney issues
Takayasu's arteritis, if left untreated, can develop to major problems such as heart attack, stroke, or renal failure. As a result, if you suffer any of these symptoms, you should seek medical assistance right once.
Diagnose
Takayasu's arteritis can be difficult to diagnose since the symptoms are similar to those of other disorders. A clinical examination, medical history, and imaging tests, such as magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) or computed tomography angiography, are commonly used to make the diagnosis (CTA). These tests can reveal the amount of artery damage and assist in determining the best treatment choices.
Treatment
Takayasu's arteritis treatment is determined by the severity of the illness as well as the organs and tissues involved. The treatment's aims are to minimize inflammation, soothe symptoms, and avoid consequences. Treatment options include:
- Corticosteroids: These drugs can decrease inflammation and alleviate discomfort. They can be administered orally or intravenously.
- Immunosuppressive medications: These medicines can suppress the immune system and decrease inflammation. These might be combined with corticosteroids.
- Surgery may be required in some circumstances to repair or replace damaged arteries.
- Changes in lifestyle may include stopping smoking, eating a balanced diet, and exercising regularly.
Takayasu's arteritis has a variable prognosis based on the severity of the disease and responsiveness to therapy. Many persons with Takayasu's arteritis can live reasonably normal lives if diagnosed early and treated appropriately. Long-term consequences, such as high blood pressure or renal difficulties, may occur in certain patients.